Theme Of Symbolism In A Fable - 808 Words

The definition of symbolism is the use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities, by giving them hidden meanings that are different from their literal sense. There are a few examples of symbolism that I was able to catch in Robert Fox’s â€Å"A Fable† where a young man and woman meet, fall in love, and decide to get married, all in the span of about five minutes. Three uses of symbolism I found are when they describe the woman as blonde with soft skin, when the man gives up his seat for an elderly woman, and when they talk about the man’s good job, and the house and car he will get. To me, these things represent traditional beauty standards, chivalry, and wealth or power. I think that they are examples of symbolism in the book and I also†¦show more content†¦I think it is because it gives them a sense of security. They know that if the person has wealth, they will never have to worry about paying bills or rent, and they like if someone has power, because they exude confidence and it usually means they are very successful in life. In â€Å"A Fable†, the young woman and her mother ask different questions about his wealth and power, like if he has a job, what kind of work he will do, if he has a car, and if he’s getting a house. These are all questions they are asking to see if he is making a lot money and if he is in a place of power in life and in his job, as if these are the only reasons she would say yes to his proposal. Another thing that suggests that she is attracted to him for only his wealth and power is that when he says, ‘It’s my first job, but I’ll have my own desk and handle a lot of papers and carry them around in a briefcase, and it will pay well, and I’ll work my way up,† she immediately says that she loves him because she has found out he will have wealth, and he will gain power (work his way up in the job). The blonde woman with soft skin, the man giving up his seat for the elderly woman, and the man’s good job, house and car, all symbolize different things but are still connected. These three things represent three stereotypical, yet common, reasons for someone to be attracted to someone else. Beauty is a major reason for a person to like someone else and is sadly, often a deciding factor inShow MoreRelatedThe Complexity Of Fiction And Its Elements913 Words   |  4 Pagesworking together harmoniously. Hawthorne’s headliner elements were symbolism and figurative language. The story as a whole is symphonic because all of its pieces fit together so well. His use of figurative language, coupled with his symbolism helps to bring the story of a failed alchemist and his wife’s facial â€Å"affliction† filled with meaning. Each of Hawthorne’s words has meaning and serves to move forward the story and all the themes it carries. The way Hawthorne describes the birth mark in the storyRead MoreEssay on Lord of the Flies by William Golding954 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent levels. A less detailed look at the book, Lord of the Flies, is a simple fable about boys stranded on an island. Another way to comprehend the book is as a statement about mans inner savage and reverting to a primitive state without societies boundaries. By examining the Lord of the Flies further, it is revealed that many themes portray Golding’s views, including a religious persecution theme. Golding includes the theme of religious persecution to remind people of mans true nature, and by doingRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm942 Words   |  4 Pagesbased on the events manifest in the Russian Revolution show how communism fails as power corrupts minds, displayed in the novella with Animalism. Napoleon, the main protagonist portrays the leader of the Soviet Union Joseph Stalin. Through certain themes and literary features, Orwell explains how communism is not ideal. George Orwell was born in 1903 in India was educated in England. In England Orwell noticed that the school treated the wealthier kids better than the poorer ones. In 1922 OrwellRead MoreThe Use of Distortion as a Literary Device in George Orwells Animal Farm580 Words   |  3 PagesAnimal Farm, by George Orwell, is an excellent example of distortion as a literary device. The story is set up as a fable using a third person objective viewpoint and personification of animals to represent historical figures and stereotypes. Distortion can also be found in much of the symbolism throughout the novel. Similar to a fable, Animal Farm makes use of personification. In the story, farm animals are used to represent different classes of people, from the average working man to governmentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Rocking Horse Winner 909 Words   |  4 Pagesidea of a modern family in the 1900’s, The Rocking-Horse Winner, in which the story is mostly between about the son trying to win the love of his mother whose only objective was to be the first in everything by having more money. The characters, the theme, and the author’s style will give us the idea of what D.H. Lawrence is trying to portrait in the story. The next paragraph will first show us how the author set up the characterization of significant characters. In the beginning of the story, the firstRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Animal Farm By George Orwell1310 Words   |  6 Pagesdystopia. Animal Farm has many literary elements to better the reader’s understanding of communism during the Russian Revolution, such as symbolism, irony, conflict and allusions. All of the themes that appear in the novel revolve around power, dystopia and equality. Symbolism is a very crucial literary element in Animal Farm and appears in many instances. Symbolism is a literary element that uses objects or characters to represent ideas which adds multiple layers of meaning to the work. Almost everyRead MoreGood And Evil In Lord Of The Flies Analysis1207 Words   |  5 Pagesproven in two other pieces of literature; one piece talking about the different techniques Golding uses to develop the theme called â€Å"The Fables of William Golding† and another piece called â€Å"The Anarchy Within† which talks about the constant struggle between good and evil in the book. The good and evil theme is shown not just through characters, but objects as well, using symbolism. Three symbols that help the readers understand the good and the evil of human nature that happens throughout the LordRead MoreLord Of The Flies : Representation Of Violence And War1611 Words   |  7 Pagesand cruelties associated with war, Golding utilizes these experie nces in the novel to display the cruelty of men and their inner savagery. His use of young boys to promote this theme makes it all the more significant. In his novel, Lord of The Flies, Golding’s use of literary devices such as characterization and symbolism serve as allegories to the negative aspects of society, and display Golding’s pessimistic view towards war and violence in society. Golding characterizes Jack and Ralph asRead MoreLiterary Elements in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson1334 Words   |  6 Pages Would you believe that there was once a village where everyone would partake in a terrible event, but think it was innocent because of how they blindly followed a tradition? The short story, â€Å"The Lottery,† by Shirley Jackson communicates this theme by showing how the villagers participate in a lottery every year. In life, there are people who follow tradition because the have to, or they are used to following without question. The author, Shirley Jackson was born on December 14, 1916 in San FranciscoRead More literature Essay examples2709 Words   |  11 Pageslong time. B. Fable and tale Modern literary fiction in English has been dominated by two forms: the novel and the short story. The two have many elements in common. Perhaps we will be able to define the short story more meaningfully---for it has traits more essential than just a particular length---if first, for comparison, we consider some related varieties of fiction: the fable and the tale. Ancient forms whose origins date back to the time of word-of-mouth storytelling, the fable and the tale

Changes in the American Red Cross Essay - 973 Words

(1) Changes at the American Red Cross have led to more transparency at the agency. These changes include making public record of its stance on governance and ethics policy. Also, each member of the board of directors is required to sign the Board Member Affirmation of Service, which mandates that each member actively participate a minimum of 15 days per year with the organization, read the Code of Ethics, and comply with the policy. Other changes include the Office of the Ombudsman office its increased usage since its implementation. During fiscal year 2012, there were 833 constituents contacted the office versus 354 in fiscal year 2008 (Ombudsman, 2012). This increase reflects a rise in the number of internal issues as the office†¦show more content†¦Lastly, there have been instances of misappropriation of funds on the national and local levels. Due to the size of the organization and the wide range of local chapters, the systems in place to track the dissemination of funds has allowed for instances of embezzlement. This includes forged purchase orders in Maryland and the use of funds for gambling and gifts in New Jersey (O.C. Farrell, 2011). (3) This essay will attempt to review ethical dilemmas of the American Red Cross due to a lack of systems and policies. In doing so, actions will be presented to aid with identification of the issues. Finally actions to prevent recurrence in the future will be presented. The reasons for the American Red Cross’s ethical dilemmas are due to the lack of systems and policies for dealing with the unique situations that require a response from the organization. This is apparent with Hurricane Katrina and the enormity of the response that was needed to address all of the needs of the victims, donations received, and the orchestration of the volunteer effort to include coordination of efforts with various organizations. First, the orchestration of efforts required and expected of the organization was not realized by the organization prior to the event. This means that all of the stakeholders were not understood and taken into consideration prior to the event. This led to ethical concerns of unpreparedness and slowShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Behavior1259 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Red Cross Organizational Behavior and Communication American Red Cross Organizational Behavior and Communication â€Å"Inspired by the International Red Cross movement established to provide assistance to wounded soldiers, the American Red Cross was established in 1881 by Clara Barton and a number of her acquaintances† (Peerbolte, 2011, p. 17). The mission of the American Red Cross remains largely focused on military serviceRead More The New Age Employee Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesThe New Age Employee The Human Resource issue that I will be discussing in my paper stems from the American Red Cross. The first, thing I will discuss is the organization’s external environment and then the HR department’s internal system. In the external environment of the American Red Cross, there are several issues affecting the organization. For example, the U.S population is becoming more diverse according to demographics. Also, the number of donors and volunteer’s is steadilyRead MoreExternal Influences on a Business1110 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent categories: †¢ Economic - has to do with changes in interest rates, inflation and economic growth and so on. †¢ Political - governments will often pass laws or pursue policies that can affect the way businesses operate. †¢ Social - people change and develop different views, wants and needs. A drive towards social awareness of the need for recycling or vegetarianism can affect different business in different ways. †¢ Technological - changes in technology can revolutionize the way a businessRead MoreAmerican Red Cross ~ Strategic Case Analysis Purpose Essay examples732 Words   |  3 PagesAMERICAN RED CROSS ~ Strategic Case Analysis Purpose I. Statement Of Facts American Red Cross is a organization that was founded in 1881 by Clara Barton. It has established itself as the most well known emergency relief organization devoted to the care of war victims, disaster victims, and the suffering world wide. People can attain community services hours through the American Red Cross as well as benefit from the health and safety programs offered each year. American Red Cross is the largestRead MoreAssignment 3: the American Red Cross (Arc)† Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 3: The American Red Cross (ARC)† October 28, 2012 HRM 522 Ethics Advocacy For HR Pro Determine the impact of this event on ARC’s â€Å"benefits of business ethics† (employee commitment, investor loyalty, customer satisfaction, and bottom line). Business ethics includes the principles and standards that guide behavior in the world of business. The ethical behavior of a company is being judged and determined by its stakeholders. They may not always be right but their judgment affectsRead MoreOrganizational Behavior and Communication Paper979 Words   |  4 Pagesand Communication Paper This paper discusses the culture of the American Red Cross, noting whether the organization’s values align with espoused or enacted values. Also covered will be to what extent is communication in the American Red Cross determined by its organizations culture. Communication plays a fundamental role in perception and organizational culture. Perception among the American Red Cross organization may cause misalignment between espoused values and enacted values.Read MoreEthics of Red Cross1495 Words   |  6 PagesHEALTH CARE ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Michael B. Boone Code of Ethics A Look at the American Red Cross Date: January 25, 2015 The American Red Cross has been known to be one of the most humanitarian organizations in the United States and throughout the world aiding and helping in different series of generous contributions in many disaster areas as well as bringing health care advancement to communities in the Unites States and in the world that need help in development (DullesRead MoreAmerican Red Cross Essay802 Words   |  4 Pages†¢ American Red Cross Review one organization’s philosophy, mission, vision, and values statements. These are the organization’s espoused values: What the organization says it values. Conduct research in the University Library to find articles about the organization’s enacted values: What the company actually does. Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper based on your review and research in which you complete the following: †¢ Briefly describe the culture of the chosen organization, noting whetherRead MoreEssay on Cross Cultural Perspectives1036 Words   |  5 PagesCross-Cultural Perspectives Organizations come in many different forms and sizes. An organization is any entity that purses a mission or serves a purpose in a society or community. Businesses, governments, schools, charities, etc., are all different types of organizations. Society and communities in American and throughout the world rely on organizations to provide goods and services necessary for people to sustain life. In today’s world societies and nations are becoming more and more connectedRead MoreRisk Analysis : The American Red Cross1743 Words   |  7 Pagesprocesses to assure data security. A key factor in risk analysis is to have a good Information Resource Management Plan. The American Red Cross is a Humanitarian Organization that provides services in Humanitarian Relief (i.e.: Disaster Relief, Services to the Armed Forces, International Services, and Blood Products). With the services provided by the American Red Cross, there is a likely hood of personal or financial information being breached by a Cyber Criminal or Terrorist Organization that

Managerial Competency Free Essays

‘‘Competency-based strategic management is a relatively new way of thinking about how organizations gain high performance for a significant period of time. Established as a theory in the early 1990s, competence-based strategic management theory explains how organizations can develop sustainable competitive advantage in a systematic and structural way. The theory of competence-based strategic management is an integrative strategy theory that incorporates economic, organizational and behavioural concerns in a framework that is dynamic, systemic, cognitive and holistic (Sanchez and Heene, 2004). We will write a custom essay sample on Managerial Competency or any similar topic only for you Order Now This theory defines competence as: the ability to sustain the coordinated deployment of resources in ways that helps an organization achieve its goals. In the content we shall be describing the six managerial competencies, going into detail and also relating them to an individual’s personality. These managerial competencies are: communication, planning and administration, self-management, strategic action, global awareness and team work competency. All these managerial competencies are also an aspect of our daily lives, in discussion we will examine these competency’s strengths and weaknesses. No one individual can have all of them as their strength. In communication competency we will talk about the types of communications, how communication is used as a competency by managers and to an individual. Teamwork competency we will be discussing the effectiveness of a team-building strategy in a business as well include examples. In planning and administration competency we show how to plan and the benefits of having a good planning and administration structure or system. Self-management simply has the inclusion of good ethical behaviour. Global awareness in tells knowing the world, in knowing the world research must be done and having a diverse open mind about other people’s culture. In order to progress in life an individual should have strategies in place showing him a clear direction to be taken, this is known as the strategic action competency. We stress the importance of strategic action in the context. Communication competency ‘‘The term communication competency refers to the effective transfer and exchange of information that leads to understanding between yourself and others(). Because managing involves getting work done through people, communication competency is essential to effective managerial performance. Humans use communication day-in and day-out in order to understand each other, through that understanding they are able to interact. People use different types of communication, verbal/spoken or visual (use of images), without communication there would be no way forward the world would be in a stand still. Just as in an enterprise, managers must communicate with the staff in order for them to perform a specific task. This competency is one of the authors best strength as socializing to him comes naturally. The author cannot sing so talking(communication) is one of his talents which makes up for not being able to sing, when it comes to communication there is always room for improvement. To take it to the next step one should engage in group discussion more often and also try debate societies, because communication involves passing messages in the most effective way. Being around people and talking will cause improvement of one’s communication competency skill. Planning and Administration Competency People plan their daily lives in order to have a sustainable life that is organized, planning for tomorrow is like drafting a timetable of the things to do. Relating to students planning is important, it enable them to manage their time management improving their academic efficiency. When it comes to planning and administration competency the author has a weakness. Finding it hard to plan what is to come tomorrow. The lacking of this skill causes time mismanagement to the author’s life and creating room for disruptions. To be able to bring change to this weakness, drafting a day to day to-do list could make a big difference. An alternative would be to set a reminder that will alert one on what to do at a specific time. Teamwork Competency Accomplishing tasks through small groups of people who are collectively responsible and whose work is interdependent requires teamwork competency (Hellriegel Jackson, Slocum Amos Klopper, Louw Oosthuizen, 2007, Page 15). A united nation is a winning nation; teamwork is about working together to achieve a certain goal. Communities work together for example to fight the socio-economic problem which is crime, in turn making it a safer environment. In the same sense businesses work as a team to improve efficiency in the working environment. When it comes to designing a team, team-building strategies work best, as the strategy brings employees together creating a close relationship amongst them and making them work as a more united team. Relating teamwork competency to the author, a negative result will be the outcomes, as the author believes that working alone is more effective, but people have different opinions on the subject. Global Awareness Competency Carrying out an organization’s managerial work by drawing on the human, financial, information, and material resources from multiple countries. People watch the news to stay informed of what is happening around the world and in their communities. Researching what causes inflation is part of global awareness, when an individual decides they want to go work overseas they undergo global awareness. ‘‘Nevertheless, over the course of your career, you will probably work for an organization that has an international component. To be prepared for such opportunities, one should begin to develop your global awareness competency (Hellriegel Jackson et al page18) Self-management competency . ‘‘Self-management competency demonstrates desired values and behaviours of the organization and high personal standards of ethics and integrity by being honest and treating others with respect. Influences others to model these behaviours(). Self management revolves around how a certain individual carries themselves in all aspects of their daily life. When one goes to church their behaviour is different than when they are at a night club, this forms part of self management when it comes to society behaviour. Same applies to students, when they at school self management is applied, as they separate between their school life and personal life. In life as a person one has different characters, categorized by good values and bad values. Self-management competency to the author is strength and also a weakness. On the strength point of view the author can separate right from wrong, with that in mind the author can make rational decisions. On the weakness the author finds it hard to express himself in an audience of many people. Strategic Action Competency In life strategies are needed in order to make things easier, when an individual is about to make a decision or create a specific product they first strategise. Strategising includes brainstorming, planning, and implementation plan/action. Humans strategise their lives on a daily basis, whether going shopping, going to work or just planning to cook. Pupils strategise in terms of what academic results they want to achieve, putting strategic action competency will lead to their success. Strategies alone are not very much useful an action must be taken to fully utilise the strategy at hand How to cite Managerial Competency, Papers

Management Accounting Refers Processes †Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: How Management Accounting Does Refers To The Processes? Answer: Introduction In this report, analysis of management accounting system has been undertaken. Management accounting is vast field of knowledge that includes various concepts that can be used in the business decision making. In this report various types of concepts related to management accounting system and how they can be used in decision making process has been undertaken. In this report, capability of management information system in terms of providing information to various level of managers has been discussed. This report includes the discussion on customer and shareholders value enhancement. Concept of management accounting Management accounting is the field of study under which accountants or financial managers of the business organization uses decision making or some useful information. Useful information includes information related to business operations, business processes and business performance that can be used in the decision making process. Management accounting is separate field from financial management and cost management, which uses information, created or generated by both financial management and cost management (Adebayo, 2011). Main aim of management accounting is to generate information that can be applied or used by managers to improve efficiency of business processes. Ultimately lead towards efficiently achievement of organizational goals and objectives. With reference to the above statement, identify and describe major processes and techniques that the management accounting system uses to gather organizational information required by internal managers. Management accounting system: In order to analyze effectiveness and efficiency of management accounting, its tools and techniques shall be understood. Management accounting system refers to management system, which of this system managers and management generate useful information and can be used in decision making process (Mohsen, Habib Farideh, 2011). There are various tools and techniques of management accounting that can be used or employ by the internal manager of the business organization to generate useful or decision making information. Following are some tools of management accounting: Financial statement analysis: Analysis of financial statements is the most widely used tool or technique of management accounting that is used for the analysis of financial statements of the business organization. Financial statements include income statement, statement of financial position, statement of cash flow and statement of change in equity. Internal managers of the business organization are required to take decisions related to business operations and for the same some information is required. Analysis of financial statements provides information related to profitability, solvency position, efficiency of business operations and liquidity in the working capital (Bol, Kramer Maas, 2016). Therefore on the basis of information generated by financial statements analysis, internal manager take business decisions. Budgetary control: Budgetary control is the technique or tool of management accounting sunder which various budgets are prepared for future course of activities. Budgetary control is the process of preparing and approving budgets from management for further processing. Budgets are most valuable technique of management accounting which is used by internal managers for controlling and managing business operations (Daniel, Senarath Steven, 2014). Budgets can be prepared for sales, purchase, expenses and other functional areas of business entity and will assist and support decision making process of managers or management. Decision accounting: Decision accounting can be define as that branch of accounting, under which some useful information is generated and analyzed by managers in decision making process. This technique of management accounting system is used to analyze different situation in the business operations and calculate and profit under each situation. Managers of the business organization will be available with useful information and they can use same in decision making process (Zoni, Dossi Morelli, 2012). Explain how management accounting information system helps managers to use organizational resources efficiently and effectively. Management accounting system supports business organization in development / formulation and implementation of strategies or business strategic plans. For successful development or formulation of business strategies, organization requires data and useful information. In management accounting system there are many techniques that can be used to generate decision-making information in terms of managing and controlling various resources of business organization. Management accounting system has the ability to generate information related to each and every aspect of the business organization (Roodposhti, Nikoomaram Mohammad, 2012). By applying techniques and tools of management accounting, internal managers will be able to analyze and evaluate deficiency or problem areas. In order to overcome such situation or make improvement in business operations, managers are required to develop strategic plan that will lead assist manager. With the help of management accounting system future course of activities are known in advance with the help budgetary control technique. This will enable internal manager of different sections or different functional areas to analyses requirement of resources required to achieve budgeted target. Resources can be various types i.e. financial resources, operational resources, workers / employee, etc. Therefore with the help of management accounting system, manager can analyze resource requirement and then can assign tasks to specific resources (Mawali, 2013). Management accounting system also support internal manager of the business organization to manage and improve efficiency of various resources used in the business operations. With the virtue of management accounting system, manager can set standards for various business operations. In other words, benchmarking technique can be used in the business operations that will assist internal manager to control and provide direction to various resources of the business organization. Variance analysis of management accounting system shall be used here to manage and improve efficient and effectiveness of the business operations. Critically analyse how organizational managers information needs are diverse, and explain the way that contemporary management accounting system meets these diverse information needs of internal managers. 320 words. In assessing information need of managers, firstly understanding of different level of management is required. There are three level of management i.e. strategic level, middle level and lower level management. Each level of management requires different information for taking decisions for betterment of business operation and lead towards achievement of organizational objectives. Following are information need of managers at different levels and how management accounting system is used to meet information need at each level: Strategic level management: Managers or management at this level requires information to formulate and develop business strategies, define organizational goals, interaction with external environment and many other aspects are examined by top management level. Strategic level managers require more of external environmental information that can be used in developing strategies. Information like economic condition, inflation rate, interest rate, availability of finance etc is required by at the strategic level of management (Hammad, Ruzita Imam, 2013). Management accounting system provides information of level of business operations, capacity of business operations, financial performance and position of organization (ratio analysis), level of capacity to be achieved, state of available resources with the organization, etc are some decision making information that management accounting system provided to top management. Middle level management: These managers are associated or indulge in the activities related to panning sub plans, controlling business operations, managing workforce and many other tasks. Middle level management requires information related to resources required to implement business strategic plan (formulated by top management), available financial and operational resources, human resource management information, financial resource management information, etc. Management accounting system is used for the purpose of satisfying information need of middle level management by facilitating them with by providing information related to cost of sales and profitability level (Gillingham, 2015). Managers at middle level can generate decision useful information in terms of performance of each resource. With these information middle level managers is able to take decisions. Lower or operational level management: At this level of management, employees or workers do not require much information. This level of management, employees or workers is not delegated with the authority of decision making. Therefore at this level, information from management accounting system is not required as compared to other two levels of management (Generational diversity: What nurse managers need to know, 2013). Day to day information from management accounting system is required at this level like level of stock, cash balance, reporting issues, budgets to be implemented, reports generated by management accounting system in terms of performance, benchmarking done with the use of management accounting system, etc. Describe what is meant by enhanced customer value and shareholder value, and explain why many companies believe that improved customer value and shareholder value is important. Customer value: Customer value in the decision making process can be define as the process that customers of the business organization uses to analyze and evaluate benefit of purchasing decision against cost of product or services. In terms of customers, price of product and effectives in terms of services is the decision making factor. But for business organization, in order to enhance customer value, various areas are to be analyzed and evaluate in terms of change (Aparna, 2012). In modern business practices customer involvement and customer value creation is important in order to retain customers. Enhancing customer value is the primary requirement of business organization, customers is the only source of revenue for the business organization. Unsatisfied customer will directly impact sales revenue and this will ultimately results in low profitability and higher expenditure. For business organization enhanced customer value can lead to brand development or enhanced goodwill among market place (Kim, Cavusgil Cavusgil, 2013). Shareholder value: Shareholders value is the concept under which value to each shareholder has been provided. It is management ability and efficiency that provide value to shareholders. Value is intangible phenomena but impact of same can be assessed. A shareholder value is largely depends on business performance of business organization and strategic decisions that management takes (Hall, 2016). Shareholders value can reflect in share price or price of share can be used as to decide whether value is created or not. Shareholder value impacts goodwill of the business organization. Shareholders are main investors in the business organization that support business activities. Therefore retention and development of shareholders through value creation is required. In modern market place, there are various options for investor or prospective shareholders to invest in. Therefore business organization needs to enhance shareholders value so as to retain and attract new investors (Narang Kaur , 2014). Using examples from the annual report of a selected listed company outline how managers of that company improve customer value and shareholders value. Qantas Airline limited is the business organisation that has been selected for this task. Qantas Airline limited is Airline Company engaged in providing services of airlines to their customers. Managers and management has to create customer value and shareholder value so as operate business operations smoothly. Following are some decisions by which manager can maintain customer value and shareholder value: Customer value creation: By providing quality products or in case of Qantas Airline limited services to the customers, can create value or enhance customer value. Creation of win-win price of service by Qantas limited is another value creation technique can be of offering low price to customers by lowering profit margins (Zhang Liu, 2017). Undertaken customer analysis technique and identify most loyal and valuable customer and develop specific strategies for them. Shareholder value creation: It can be achieved by providing constant dividends to shareholders. Business organisation is required to generate highest level of sales revenues and ultimately earn adequate profits for shareholders (Gong, 2011). Earnings per share and economic profits are two base for enhancing value for the shareholders. Conclusion It can be concluded that management accounting system is required at each and every stage of business operations of business entity. Ratio analysis, budgetary control and decision accounting are techniques or tools of management accounting system. Management accounting system can be used at all three levels of management i.e. strategic, middle and operational level. Managers at every level require information for decision making. Theses information can be internal information or external information and this can achieved through management accounting system. Customer and shareholder value enhancement is required to be achieved by the business organisation to retain customers and investors. References Adebayo Agbejule. (2011). Organizational culture and performance: The role of management accounting system. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 12(1), 74-89. Aparna Shanker. (2012). A Customer Value Creation Framework for Businesses That Generate Revenue with Open Source Software. Technology Innovation Management Review, (March 2012: Technology Entrepreneurship), 18-22. Bol, J., Kramer, S., Maas, V. (2016). How control system design affects performance evaluation compression: The role of information accuracy and outcome transparency. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 51, 64. Daniel Watts, P.W. Senarath Yapa, Steven Dellaportas. (2014). The Case of a Newly Implemented Modern Management Accounting System in a Multinational Manufacturing Company. Australasian Accounting Business and Finance Journal, 8(2), 121-137. F.Rahnamay Roodposhti, H.Nikoomaram, Mohammad Mahmoodi. (2012). Management Accounting Information System based on Decision Support and Business Intelligence on ROI and ROE. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 2(5), 730-738. Generational diversity: What nurse managers need to know.(Report). (2013). Journal of Advanced Nursing, 69(3), 717-725. Gillingham, P. (2015). Electronic Information Systems and Human Service Organizations: The Needs of Managers. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership Governance, 1-11. Gong, James Jianxin. (2011). Examining shareholder value creation over CEO tenure: A new approach to testing effectiveness of executive compensation.(Report). Journal of Management Accounting Research, 23, 1. Hall, J. (2016). Industry-specific determinants of shareholder value creation. Studies in Economics and Finance, 33(2), 190-208. Kim, Daekwan, Cavusgil, S. Tamer, Cavusgil, Erin. (2013). Does IT alignment between supply chain partners enhance customer value creation? An empirical investigation. Industrial Marketing Management, 42(6), 880-889. Mawali, H. (2013). Performance consequences of management accounting system information usage in Jordan. Business and Economic Horizons, 9(1), 22. Mohsen Bagherian, Habib Honari, Farideh Ashraf Ganjouei. (2011). A Comparative Study Of Sight Of Owners; Managers And Coaches Of Physical Fitness Centers In About Needs Total Management Information System. Electronic Physician, 3(3), 259. Narang, S., Kaur, M. (2014). Impact of Firm-specific Attributes on Shareholder Value Creation of Indian Companies: An Empirical Analysis. Global Business Review, 15(4), 847-866. Salah A. Hammad, Ruzita Jusoh, Imam Ghozali. (2013). Decentralization, perceived environmental uncertainty, managerial performance and management accounting system information in Egyptian hospitals. International Journal of Accounting and Information Management, 21(4), 314-330. Zhang, Guo, Hu, Liu. (2017). Influence of customer engagement with company social networks on stickiness: Mediating effect of customer value creation. International Journal of Information Management, 37(3), 229-240. Zoni, L., Dossi, A., Morelli, M. (2012). Management accounting system (MAS) change: Field evidence. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting Economics, 19(1), 119-138.